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Structure, binding interface and hydrophobic transitions of Ca2+-loaded calbindin-D-28K
Kojetin, D. J., Venters, R. A., Kordys, D. R., Thompson, R. J., Kumar, R., & Cavanagh, J. (2006). Structure, binding interface and hydrophobic transitions of Ca2+-loaded calbindin-D-28K. Nature Structural and Molecular Biology, 13(7), 641-647. https://doi.org/10.1038/nsmb1112, https://doi.org/10.1038/nsmb1112d
Calbindin-D-28K is a Ca2+-binding protein, performing roles as both a calcium buffer and calcium sensor. The NMR solution structure of Ca2+-loaded calbindin-D-28K reveals a single, globular fold consisting of six distinct EF-hand subdomains, which coordinate Ca2+ in loops on EF1, EF3, EF4 and EF5. Target peptides from Ran-binding protein M and myo-inositol monophosphatase, along with a new target from procaspase-3, are shown to interact with the protein on a surface comprised of alpha 5 (EF3), alpha 8 (EF4) and the EF2-EF3 and EF4-EF5 loops. Fluorescence experiments reveal that calbindin-D28K adopts discrete hydrophobic states as it binds Ca2+. The structure, binding interface and hydrophobic characteristics of Ca2+- loaded calbindin-D-28K provide the first detailed insights into how this essential protein may function. This structure is one of the largest highresolution NMR structures and the largest monomeric EF-hand protein to be solved to date.