Quality of caregiver-adolescent relationship on HIV, herpes simplex virus type-2, and on pregnancy among young women in South Africa enrolled in HIV prevention trials network 068

Abstract

PURPOSE: Adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) are at an increased risk of acquiring HIV and HSV-2, and unintended pregnancies are high in AGYW. Despite the protective impact of caregiver-adolescent relationships on risk behaviors, less attention has been paid to the association of these relationships and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and pregnancy.

METHODS: We used longitudinal data from HIV Prevention Trial Network 068, which was conducted among 2,533 AGYW (13 - 20 years) over 5 years in Agincourt, South Africa. Kaplan-Meier and Cox models were used to estimate the effect of quality of caregiver-adolescent relationships (caring and closeness) on STIs and pregnancy. Also, we assessed effect measure modification by age (14-19 vs. 20-25 years) for STI risk using stratum-specific estimates and likelihood ratio tests, with a p value <.1 indicative of effect measure modification.

RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the hazard of HIV by our exposures (caring: hazard ratio (HR): 1.03, 95% CI: 0.75, 1.42; closeness: HR: 0.80, 95% CI: 0.57, 1.11). Among 14-19-year-olds, those who reported caregiver caring were less likely to acquire HSV-2 (HR: 0.69, 95% CI: 0.51, 0.94, likelihood ratio tests= 3.89, p-value = .0487), in contrast, there were no significant differences among 20 - 25-year-olds. AGYW who reported high-quality relationships had a lower hazard of pregnancy incidence (caring: HR: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.68, 0.93; closeness: HR: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.64, 0.91).

DISCUSSION: Positive caregiver-adolescent relationships are associated with reduced risk of HSV-2 among younger AGYW and pregnancy incidence.