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Person-centered and person-directed approaches to caring for individuals with dementia are encouraged by geriatric professional societies, consumer advocates, and policy makers, but implementation of these approaches to care remains limited. This article disentangles the interre􀀀 lated concepts of patient/person-centered and person-directed care, describes their application to people who have dementia, and reports some of the effects of person-centered and person-directed care on persons with dementia and their caregivers. Also the article discusses the ability of people with dementia to engage in meaningful decision-making and describes tools for assessing the decision-making capacity of individuals with dementia.