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Participation in a Medicare advanced primary care model and the delivery of high-value services
He, F., Gasdaska, A., White, L., Tang, Y., & Beadles, C. (2023). Participation in a Medicare advanced primary care model and the delivery of high-value services. Health Services Research, 58(6), 1266-1291. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6773.14213
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether primary care providers' participation in the Comprehensive Primary Care Plus Initiative (CPC+) was associated with changes in their delivery of high-value services.
DATA SOURCES: Medicare Physician & Other Practitioners public use files from 2013 to 2019, 2017 to 2019 Medicare Part B claims for a 5% random sample of Medicare Fee-for-Service (FFS) beneficiaries, the Area Health Resources File, the National Plan & Provider Enumeration System files, and public use datasets from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Physician Compare.
STUDY DESIGN: We used a difference-in-difference approach with a propensity score-matched comparison group to estimate the association of CPC+ participation with the delivery of annual wellness visits (AWVs), advance care planning (ACP), flu shots, counseling to prevent tobacco use, and depression screening. These services are prominent examples of high-value services, providing benefits to patients at a reasonable cost. We examined both the likelihood of delivering these services within a year and the count of services delivered per 1000 Medicare FFS beneficiaries per year.
DATA COLLECTION/EXTRACTION METHODS: Secondary data are linked at the provider level.
PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We find that CPC+ participation was associated with increases in the likelihood of delivering AWVs (13.03 percentage points by CPC+'s third year, p < 0.001) and the number of AWVs per 1000 Medicare FFS beneficiaries (44 more AWVs by CPC+'s third year, p < 0.001). We also find that CPC+ participation was associated with more flu shots per 1000 beneficiaries (52 more shots by CPC+'s third year, p < 0.001) but not with the likelihood of delivering flu shots. We did not find consistent evidence for the association between CPC+ participation and ACP services, counseling to prevent tobacco use, or depression screening.
CONCLUSIONS: CPC+ participation was associated with increases in the delivery of AWVs and flu shots, but not other high-value services.
