Effects of Medicare medical reviews on ambiguous short-stay hospital admissions

Abstract

Objective Data Sources/Study Setting To examine the effects of Medicare's Medical Review (MR) program on short-stay inpatient hospitalization. One Hundred percent of Medicare Part A and Part B claims and the Master Beneficiary Summary File (2007-2010). Study Design Data Collection Retrospective observational study using a difference-in-differences approach. We examined six primary intake diagnoses, we believed likely to be targeted by MR. We stratified by hospital profit structure, bed size, system membership, and inpatient admission rate to test for differential effects. The comparison group was hospital visits occurring in those MACs that had yet to implement, as well as those that did not implement during the period of interest. None. Principal Findings Conclusions Medical Review significantly reduced the likelihood of inpatient admission for patients with an intake diagnosis of "Non-Specific Chest Pain" by 1.29 percentage points (p < .001). This effect was stronger in larger hospitals (-2.03, p < .001), nonsystem hospitals (-2.54, p < .001), and those with a lower inpatient rate (-1.86, p < .001). Short inpatient hospitalizations were emphasized by MR, and our results show that MR modestly reduced their prevalence among certain patients and certain hospitals. Future work should examine whether this resulted in adverse patient outcomes.