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Disclosed is a desalination apparatus using a solvent extraction scheme. The desalination apparatus using a solvent extraction scheme includes a source water supply module configured to supply source water including salt of a first concentration and water, a functional solvent supply module configured to supply a functional solvent, of which the solubility in water varies according to temperature, a mixing module configured to mix the source water from the source water supply module and the functional solvent from the functional solvent supply module, a first separation module configured to receive mixture water, in which the source water and the functional solvent are mixed, from the mixing module, and dissolve the water contained in the source water in the functional solvent, a salt crystallization module configured to receive the source water including salt of a second concentration that is higher than the first concentration, from which the water has been removed, from the first separation module, and a second separation module configured to receive the functional solvent, in which the water has been dissolved, from the first separation module, and thermally separate the water and the functional solvent at a second temperature that is higher than the first temperature.