RTI uses cookies to offer you the best experience online. By clicking “accept” on this website, you opt in and you agree to the use of cookies. If you would like to know more about how RTI uses cookies and how to manage them please view our Privacy Policy here. You can “opt out” or change your mind by visiting: http://optout.aboutads.info/. Click “accept” to agree.
The results of dozens of high-quality, cost-effectiveness analyses for cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes, respiratory, and kidney-related conditions and risk factors (CVRD) are categorized—much of it with country-specific data—by (1) and this chapter summarizes the available literature on population-level health and intersectoral policies to address the major risks in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and discussing some methodological issues in these analyses; and (2) assessing and discussing the cost-effectiveness of personal services delivered through various levels of the health system. Many interventions remain available for managing these diseases, which account for a large portion of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) globally. High-income countries (HICs) and some LMICs have seen dramatic declines in age-adjusted mortality related to these conditions as a result of many clinical and policy-based interventions, some of which have proven cost-effective while others need further evaluation. Clarification remains necessary on the diagnostic approach to targeting a single high-risk factor versus absolute risk, the role of patient compliance, and the potential consequences of large-scale medicalization for public health.