The cost-effectiveness of screening for pre-diabetes among overweight and obese U.S. adults

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the cost-effectiveness of screening overweight and obese persons for prediabetes and then modifying their lifestyle based on the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP). Research Design and METHODS: A Markov simulation model was used to estimate disease progression, costs, and quality of life. Cost-effectiveness was evaluated from a health care system perspective. We considered 2 screening/treatment strategies for prediabetes. Strategy 1 included screening overweight persons and giving them the lifestyle intervention included in the DPP if they were diagnosed with both impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and impaired fasting glucose (IFG). Strategy 2 included screening followed by lifestyle intervention for persons diagnosed with either IGT or IFG or both. Each strategy was compared with a program of no screening. RESULTS: Screening for prediabetes and treating those identified as having both IGT and IFG with the DPP lifestyle intervention had a cost-effectiveness ratio of $8,181 per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) relative to no screening. If treatment was also provided to persons with only IGT or only IFG (Strategy 2), the cost-effectiveness ratio increased to $9,511 per QALY. Changes in screening-related parameters had small effects on the cost-effectiveness ratios; the results were more sensitive to changes in intervention-related parameters. CONCLUSIONS: Screening for prediabetes in the overweight and obese U.S. population followed by the DPP lifestyle intervention has a relatively attractive cost-effectiveness ratio.