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Bruen, B., & Elan, L. (2016). Competition between brand name and generic drugs. In T. R. Fulda, A. Lyles, & A. I. Wertheimer (Eds.), Pharmaceutical Public Policy (1st ed., pp. 376-402). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.1201/b19633
Established in 1965 as Title XIX of the Social Security Act, Medicaid is the nation’s public health insurance program for low-income people. It is a means-tested entitlement; any applicant who meets the financial and/or categorical eligibility requirements must be allowed to enroll. Referring to Medicaid as one program is somewhat inaccurate; each state administers its own program with federal oversight through the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) in the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). The federal government helps states pay for covered services and program administration. State programs have to meet certain standards to receive federal funds, but each state sets its own Medicaid eligibility rules, selects which services it covers for eligible groups, and determines payment rates for those services, resulting in considerable variation between state programs. State participation is voluntary, but all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and the 5 U.S. territories participate.
