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Reithinger, R., Mohsen, M., Aadil, K., Sidiqi, M., Erasmus, P., & Coleman, P. G. (2003). Anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis, Kabul, Afghanistan. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 9(6), 727-9. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid0906.030026
A prevalence survey in Kabul City showed that 2.7% and 21.9% of persons have active leishmaniasis lesions or scars, respectively. Incidence of disease was estimated to be 2.9% (29 cases/1,000 persons per year; 95% confidence interval 0.018 to 0.031). Disease was associated with age and gender; logistic regression analyses showed significant clustering of cases.