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Sex and gender differences in co-occurring alcohol use disorder and PTSD
Saraiya, T. C., Back, S. E., Jarnecke, A. M., Blakey, S. M., Bauer, A. G., Brown, D. G., Ruglass, L. M., Killeen, T., & Hien, D. A. (2023). Sex and gender differences in co-occurring alcohol use disorder and PTSD. Current Addiction Reports, 10(4), 617-627. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40429-023-00511-5
Purpose of ReviewResearch demonstrates a strong association between alcohol use disorder (AUD) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, less is known about sex- and gender-based differences among individuals with AUD + PTSD. This narrative review examines recent literature in this area and aims to be a reference for future research endeavors.Recent FindingsExtant literature shows that intertwining biological systems increase females' risk of developing PTSD and experiencing more adverse effects from AUD compared to males. Sex-based physiological differences further interact with gendered sociocultural environments to influence the risk of AUD + PTSD. Emerging research suggests potential gender-specific pathways between PTSD, coping, and AUD which may inform prevention and treatment. However, barriers to care are often gender-specific and tailored approaches are needed to improve reach and uptake.SummaryAdditional research is needed to examine intersectional and contextual factors that synergistically influence sex/gender differences in AUD + PTSD, particularly beyond cisgender identities, and mechanisms of action.
