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Zangeneh, S. Z. (2020). Randomized clinical trials. In P. Atkinson, S. Delamont, A. Cernat, J. W. Sakshaug, & R. A. Williams (Eds.), Sage Research Methods Foundations (First ed.). Sage Publications, Ltd.. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781526421036936238
A randomized clinical trial (RCT) is a prospective scientific experiment used to assess the safety or effectiveness of an intervention in human populations with respect to some prespecified measure. The intervention under consideration can be a new drug or biomedical treatment, a behavioral intervention, or an integrated strategy involving both biomedical and behavioral components, such as interventions commonly used in public health. While RCTs play a central role in evidence-based medicine and public health, their impact reaches far beyond the field of medicine. Randomization theory is used to eliminate the effect of potential confounders that may bias the estimated treatment effect. RCTs can be performed on individuals or groups of individuals.
