A prospective, population-based study of trends in operative vaginal delivery compared to cesarean delivery rates in low- and middle-income countries, 2010-2016

Elizabeth M. McClure; Janet Lynn Moore; Dennis Dale Wallace; Margo S. Harrison; Sarah Saleem; Sumera Ali; Omrana Pasha; Elwyn Chomba; Waldemar A Carlo; Ana L Garces; Nancy F Krebs; K Michael Hambidge; Shivaprasad Goudar; S M Dhaded; Bhala Kodkany; Richard J. Derman; Archana Patel; Patricia L Hibberd; Fabian Esamai; Edward A Liechty; Antoinette Tshefu; Adrien Lokangaka; Melissa Bauserman; Carl L Bose; Fernando Althabe; Jose M Belizan; Pierre Buekens; Janet L Moore; Dennis Dale Wallace; Menachem Miodovnik; Marion Koso-Thomas; Elizabeth M. McClure; Robert L. Goldenberg

A prospective, population-based study of trends in operative vaginal delivery compared to cesarean delivery rates in low- and middle-income countries, 2010-2016

Harrison, M. S., Saleem, S., Ali, S., Pasha, O., Chomba, E., Carlo, W. A., Garces, A. L., Krebs, N. F., Hambidge, K. M., Goudar, S. S., Dhaded, S. M., Kodkany, B., Derman, R. J., Patel, A., Hibberd, P. L., Esamai, F., Liechty, E. A., Tshefu, A., Lokangaka, A., ... Goldenberg, R. L. (2019). A prospective, population-based study of trends in operative vaginal delivery compared to cesarean delivery rates in low- and middle-income countries, 2010-2016. American Journal of Perinatology, 36(7), 730-736. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1673656

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Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Few data are available on cesarean delivery and operative vaginal delivery trends in low- and middle-income countries. Our objective was to analyze a prospective population-based registry including eight sites in seven low- and middle-income countries to observe trends in operative vaginal delivery versus cesarean delivery rates over time, across sites.

STUDY DESIGN: A prospective population-based study, including home and facility births among women enrolled from 2010 to 2016, was performed in communities in Argentina, Democratic Republic of Congo, Guatemala, India, Kenya, Pakistan, and Zambia. Women were enrolled during pregnancy and delivery outcome data were collected.

RESULTS: We analyzed 354,287 women; 4,119 (1.2%) underwent an operative vaginal delivery and 45,032 (11.2%) delivered by cesarean. Across all sites with data for 7 years, rates of operative vaginal delivery decreased from 1.6 to 0.3%, while cesarean delivery increased from 6.4 to 14.4%. Similar trends were seen when individual country data were analyzed. Operative vaginal delivery rates decreased in both hospitals and clinics, except in the hospital setting at one of the Indian sites.

CONCLUSION: In low- and middle-income countries, operative vaginal delivery is becoming less utilized while cesarean delivery is becoming an increasingly common mode of delivery.