Differential symptom weighting in estimating empirical thresholds for underlying PTSD severity: Toward a "platinum" standard for diagnosis?

Antonio Alexander Morgan-Lopez; Lissette M. Saavedra; Shannon Michelle Blakey; Antonio A. Morgan-Lopez; Lissette M. Saavedra; Denise A Hien; Sonya B Norman; Skye Fitzpatrick; Ai Ye; Therese K Killeen; Lesia M Ruglass; Shannon Blakey; Sudie E Back

Differential symptom weighting in estimating empirical thresholds for underlying PTSD severity

Toward a "platinum" standard for diagnosis?

Morgan-López, A. A., Saavedra, L. M., Hien, D. A., Norman, S. B., Fitzpatrick, S. S., Ye, A., Killeen, T. K., Ruglass, L. M., Blakey, S. M., & Back, S. E. (2023). Differential symptom weighting in estimating empirical thresholds for underlying PTSD severity: Toward a "platinum" standard for diagnosis? International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 32(3), Article e1963. https://doi.org/10.1002/mpr.1963

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Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Symptom counts as the basis for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) diagnoses in the DSM presume each symptom is equally reflective of underlying disorder severity. However, the "equal weight" assumption fails to fit PTSD symptom data when tested. The present study developed an enhanced PTSD diagnosis based on (a) a conventional PTSD diagnosis from a clinical interview and (b) an empirical classification of full PTSD that reflected the relative clinical weights of each symptom.

METHOD: Baseline structured interview data from Project Harmony (N = 2658) was used. An enhanced diagnosis for full PTSD was estimated using an empirical threshold from moderated nonlinear factor analysis (MNLFA) latent PTSD scale scores, in combination with a full conventional PTSD diagnosis based on interview data.

RESULTS: One in 4 patients in the sample had a PTSD diagnosis that was inconsistent with their empirical PTSD grouping, such that the enhanced diagnostic standard reduced the diagnostic discrepancy rate by 20%. Veterans, and in particular female Veterans, were at greatest odds for discrepancy between their underlying PTSD severity and DSM diagnosis.

CONCLUSION: Psychometric methodologies that differentially weight symptoms can complement DSM criteria and may serve as a platform for symptom prioritization for diagnoses in future editions of DSM.