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Judging by rigorous evaluations using existing measures and methods, the reentry approaches tried to date have shown limited success. Innovative thinking and stronger implementation and evaluation strategies are needed. Effective evaluation begins with clear theories of change, quality program models, and adoption of a more holistic research framework that includes both qualitative and quantitative evaluation. Risk-needs assessments are a vital component of effective reentry. Agentic change theory suggests that many individuals choose to desist from crime and may do so suddenly. Policymakers should find ways to support those who have made (or are close to making) this choice.