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The synthesis and pharmacology of 15 1-deoxy-Delta(8)-THC analogues, several of which have high affinity for the CB2 receptor, are described. The deoxy cannabinoids include 1-deoxy-11-hydroxy-Delta(8)-THC (5), 1-deoxy-Delta(8)-THC (6), 1-deoxy-3-butyl-Delta(8)-THC (7), 1-deoxy-3-hexyl-Delta(8)-THC (8) and a series of 3-(1',1'-dimethylalkyl)-1-deoxy-Delta(8)-THC analogues (2, n= 0-4, 6, 7, where n=the number of carbon atoms in the side chain-2). Three derivatives (17-19) of deoxynabilone (16) were also prepared. The affinities of each compound for the CB1 and CB2 receptors were determined employing previously described procedures. Five of the 3-(1',1'-dimethylalkyl)-1-deoxy-Delta(8)-THC analogues (2, n = 1-5) have high affinity (K-i = < 20 nM) for the CB2 receptor. Four of them (2, n= 1-4) also have little affinity for the CB1 receptor (K-i = > 295 nM). 3-(1',1'-Dimethylbutyl)-1-deoxy-Delta(8)-THC (2, n = 2) has very high affinity for the CB2 receptor (K-i = 3.4 +/- 1.0 nM) and little affinity for the CB1 receptor (K-i = 677 +/- 132 nM). (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved